Tumbudi shine adadin kwayoyin halitta a cikin wani abu. Kayan ciki ne wanda baya canzawa dangane da wuri.

Raka'ar SI: Kilogram (kg) - ita ce kawai raka'ar SI ta asali da aka ayyana ta hanyar kayan tarihi na zahiri har zuwa sake fasalin 2019

Kayan aiki: Adadin scalar, wanda baya canzawa a wurare daban-daban

Mutum mai nauyin kilogiram 70 yana da tumbudin kilogiram 70 a Duniya, Wata, ko a sararin samaniya

Nauyi shine ƙarfin da nauyi ke yi akan tumbudi. Yana bambanta da ƙarfin filin nauyi.

Raka'ar SI: Newton (N) - raka'ar ƙarfi da aka samo daga tumbudi × hanzari

Kayan aiki: Adadin vector, yana bambanta da nauyi (W = m × g)

Mutum mai tumbudin kilogiram 70 yana da nauyin N 687 a Duniya amma N 114 ne kawai a Wata (1/6 nauyi)

Wayewar farko sun yi amfani da iri, hatsi, da sassan jiki a matsayin ma'aunin nauyi. Hatsin sha'ir ya kasance mai daidaito sosai kuma ya zama tushen tsarin da yawa.

• Mesopotamia: Shekel (hatsin sha'ir 180) - tsohon ma'aunin nauyi da aka rubuta
• Masar: Deben (91 g) da qedet don kasuwancin zinariya, azurfa, da tagulla
• Roma: Libra (327 g) - asalin alamar 'lb' da sunan fam
• Littafi Mai Tsarki: Talent (minas 60 = 34 kg) don taskar haikali da kasuwanci
• Hatsi: Hatsin sha'ir guda ɗaya ya zama mafi ƙanƙantar raka'a a cikin dukkan al'adu

Sarakuna da ƙungiyoyi sun kafa ma'aunin nauyi na hukuma don hana yaudara a kasuwanci. Ana ajiye ma'aunin sarauta a manyan birane kuma hukumomi suna tabbatar da su.

• Fam na Hasumiya (Birtaniya, 1066): 350 g don buga tsabar kudi, ana ajiye shi a Hasumiyar London
• Fam na Troy (1400s): 373 g don karafa masu daraja, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a yau don zinariya/azurfa
• Fam na Avoirdupois (1300s): 454 g don kasuwanci na gabaɗaya, ya zama fam na zamani
• Dutse (14 lb): Raka'ar nauyin jikin Ingilishi, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a Birtaniya/Ireland
• Hatsi (64.8 mg): Raka'a ɗaya tilo da aka saba da ita a cikin dukkan tsarin uku (troy, hasumiya, avoirdupois)

Juyin Juya Halin Faransa ya kirkiro kilogram a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin goma wanda ya dogara da yanayi, ba umarnin sarauta ba.

• 1795: An ayyana kilogram a matsayin tumbudin lita 1 (1 dm³) na ruwa a 4°C
• 1799: An kirkiro 'Kilogramme des Archives' na platinum a matsayin abin tunani
• 1875: Yarjejeniyar Mita - al'ummai 17 sun amince da tsarin metric
• 1879: Kwamitin kasa da kasa ya amince da samfurin kilogram na kasa 40
• 1889: 'Samfurin Kilogram na Kasa da Kasa' na platinum-iridium (IPK) ya zama ma'aunin duniya

Tsawon shekaru 130, kilogram ita ce kawai raka'ar SI da aka ayyana ta hanyar wani abu na zahiri - silinda na gami da platinum-iridium da aka ajiye a cikin wani daki kusa da Paris.

• IPK da aka yi wa laƙabi da 'Le Grand K' - silinda mai tsayin mm 39, diamita mm 39
• Ana adana shi a ƙarƙashin gilashin kararrawa uku a cikin dakin da aka sarrafa yanayi a Sèvres, Faransa
• Ana fitar da shi sau 3-4 ne kawai a karni don kwatantawa
• Matsala: Ya rasa kimanin microgram 50 a cikin shekaru 100 (janyewa daga kwafi)
• Asiri: Ba a sani ba ko IPK ya rasa tumbudi ko kwafin ya ƙaru
• Hatsari: Idan ya lalace, ma'anar kilogram za ta ɓace har abada

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2019, an sake ayyana kilogram ta amfani da madaidaicin Planck, wanda ya sa ya zama mai iya maimaitawa a ko'ina a sararin samaniya.

• Sabuwar ma'ana: h = 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s (madaidaicin Planck an daidaita shi daidai)
• Ma'aunin Kibble (ma'aunin watt): Yana kwatanta ikon inji da ikon lantarki
• Yawan kristal na X-ray: Yana ƙidaya atom a cikin ƙwallon siliki mai tsafta
• Sakamako: Kilogram yanzu ya dogara ne akan madaidaitan asali, ba kayan tarihi ba
• Tasiri: Duk wani dakin gwaje-gwaje da ya dace zai iya gane kilogram
• Le Grand K ya yi ritaya: Yanzu ya zama kayan tarihi, ba ma'ana ba

Sake fasalin na 2019 shine ƙarshen aikin sama da shekaru 140 kuma yana wakiltar nasarar awo mafi inganci na ɗan adam.

• Magunguna: Madaidaicin sashi na magani a sikelin microgram
• Nanotechnology: Madaidaicin ma'auni don abubuwan da ke cikin kwamfutar quantum
• Sararin samaniya: Ma'aunin duniya don ilimin kimiyyar tsakanin duniyoyi
• Kasuwanci: Dogon lokaci kwanciyar hankali don kasuwanci da masana'antu
• Kimiyya: Dukkan raka'o'in SI yanzu sun dogara ne akan madaidaitan asali na yanayi

• Dokar 2.2: 1 kg ≈ 2.2 lb (daidai 2.20462, amma 2.2 ya isa)
• Pint fam ne: 1 pint na ruwa na Amurka ≈ 1 fam (a zafin jiki na ɗaki)
• Dokar gram 28: 1 oz ≈ 28 g (daidai 28.35, zagaye zuwa 28)
• Oza zuwa fam: Raba da 16 (16 oz = 1 lb daidai)
• Dokar dutse: 1 dutse = 14 fam (nauyin jiki a Birtaniya)
• Madaidaicin carat: 1 carat = 200 mg = 0.2 g daidai

Troy oza sun fi NAUYI, amma fam na troy sun fi SAUƘI - wannan yana rikitar da kowa!

• Troy oza: 31.1 g (mafi nauyi) - don zinariya, azurfa, karafa masu daraja
• Oza na yau da kullun: 28.3 g (mafi sauƙi) - don abinci, wasiƙa, amfani na gabaɗaya
• Fam na Troy: 373 g = 12 troy oz (mafi sauƙi) - ba a cika amfani da shi ba
• Fam na yau da kullun: 454 g = 16 oz (mafi nauyi) - daidaitaccen lb
• Dabarar tunawa: 'Troy oza suna da nauyi sosai, fam na Troy ƙanana ne'

• Kowane prefix na metric shine 1000×: mg → g → kg → tonne (÷1000 yana hawa sama)
• Kilo = 1000: kilomita, kilogram, kilojoule duk suna nufin ×1000
• Milli = 1/1000: milimita, milligram, milliliter duk suna nufin ÷1000
• Dokar ruwa: 1 lita na ruwa = 1 kg (a 4°C, daidai da ainihin ma'anar)
• Haɗin girma da tumbudi: 1 ml na ruwa = 1 g (yawa = 1 g/ml)
• Nauyin jiki: Matsakaicin balagagge ɗan adam ≈ 70 kg ≈ 150 lb

• Carat vs. Karat: Carat (ct) = nauyi, Karat (kt) = tsarkin zinariya (kada a rude!)
• Hatsi: Haka a cikin dukkan tsarin (64.8 mg) - troy, avoirdupois, apothecary
• Batu: 1/100 na carat = 2 mg (don ƙananan lu'u-lu'u)
• Pennyweight: 1/20 troy oz = 1.55 g (kasuwancin kayan ado)
• Raka'ar tumbudin atom (amu): 1/12 na atom na carbon-12 ≈ 1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
• Tola: 11.66 g (ma'aunin zinariya na Indiya, har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai)

• Ton na Amurka (2000 lb) ≠ Ton na Birtaniya (2240 lb) ≠ Ton na metric (1000 kg = 2205 lb)
• Troy oz (31.1 g) > oz na yau da kullun (28.3 g) - ana auna zinariya daban!
• Ma'aunin busasshe da na ruwa: Kada a auna gari a cikin oza da aka tanada don ruwa
• Zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci: Yawan ruwa yana canzawa da zafin jiki (yana shafar juyawa ml zuwa g)
• Carat ≠ Karat: Nauyi vs. tsarki (200 mg vs. % zinariya, daban-daban gaba ɗaya)
• Dutse na Birtaniya ne kawai: Kada a yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin Amurka (14 lb = 6.35 kg)

Raka'ar Tushe: Kilogram (kg)

An sake ayyana kilogram a cikin 2019 ta amfani da madaidaicin Planck, wanda ya maye gurbin Samfurin Kilogram na Kasa da Kasa (Le Grand K) na shekaru 130. Wannan yana tabbatar da sake samar da duniya baki ɗaya.

Ana amfani da shi a duk duniya a cikin kimiyya, magani, da kuma a cikin ƙasashe sama da 195 don kasuwancin yau da kullun

• picogram

  Binciken DNA da furotin, tumbudin kwayar halitta guda ɗaya
• milligram

  Magunguna, bitamin, madaidaicin sashi na likita
• gram

  Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen abinci, kayan ado, auna ƙananan abubuwa
• kilogram

  Nauyin jikin mutum, abubuwan yau da kullun, ma'aunin kimiyya
• tan na awo

  Motoci, kaya, kayan masana'antu, kasuwanci mai girma

Raka'ar Tushe: Fam (lb)

An ayyana shi daidai da 0.45359237 kg tun daga yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa ta 1959. Duk da kasancewarsa 'imperial', yanzu an ayyana shi ta amfani da tsarin metric.

Amurka, wasu aikace-aikace a Birtaniya (nauyin jiki), jiragen sama a duk duniya

• hatsi

  Gunpowder, harsasai, kibau, karafa masu daraja, magunguna
• ounce

  Kason abinci, wasiƙar wasiƙa, ƙananan fakiti
• fam

  Nauyin jiki, kayan abinci, abubuwan yau da kullun a Amurka/Birtaniya
• dutse

  Nauyin jikin mutum a Birtaniya da Ireland
• tan (Amurka/gajere)

  Gajeren ton na Amurka (2000 lb): motoci, manyan kaya
• tan (Burtaniya/dogon)

  Dogon ton na Birtaniya (2240 lb): ƙarfin masana'antu

Karafa masu daraja & Duwatsu masu daraja

Tun daga Faransa ta tsakiyar zamanai, tsarin troy shine ma'aunin duniya don kasuwancin karafa masu daraja. Ana ambaton farashin zinariya, azurfa, platinum, da palladium a kowace troy oza.

• Troy Oza (oz t) - 31.1034768 g: daidaitacciyar raka'a don farashin zinariya/azurfa
• Troy Fam (lb t) - 12 oz t: ba a cika amfani da shi ba, galibi na tarihi
• Pennyweight (dwt) - 1/20 oz t: yin kayan ado, ƙananan adadin karafa masu daraja

Troy oza ya fi oza na yau da kullun nauyi (31.1g vs. 28.3g), amma fam na troy ya fi fam na yau da kullun sauƙi (373g vs. 454g)

Duwatsu masu daraja & Lu'u-lu'u

An daidaita tsarin carat don duwatsu masu daraja a duniya a cikin 1907 a daidai 200 mg. Kada a rude da karat (tsarkin zinariya).

• Carat (ct) - 200 mg: lu'u-lu'u, yakutu, nilam, zamarudu
• Batu (pt) - 0.01 ct: girman lu'u-lu'u (lu'u-lu'u 50-batu = 0.5 carats)
• Hatsin Lu'u-lu'u - 50 mg: ma'aunin lu'u-lu'u na gargajiya

Kalmar 'carat' ta fito ne daga 'ya'yan carob, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin ma'auni a zamanin da saboda yawan tumbudinsu

Tarihin Magani

An yi amfani da shi tsawon ƙarnuka a fannin likitanci da kantin magani har sai da tsarin metric ya maye gurbinsa a cikin shekarun 1960-70. Ya dogara ne akan ma'aunin nauyi na troy amma tare da rarrabuwa daban-daban.

• Scruple - Hatsi 20: mafi ƙanƙantar raka'ar apothecary
• Dram (apothecary) - Scruple 3: haɗa magani
• Oza (apothecary) - Dram 8: daidai da troy oza (31.1g)

Kalmar 'scruple' kuma tana nufin damuwa ta ɗabi'a, mai yiwuwa saboda masu kantin magani dole ne su auna abubuwa masu haɗari a hankali

Samfurin Kilogram na Kasa da Kasa (Le Grand K) ya rasa kimanin microgram 50 a cikin shekaru 100 idan aka kwatanta da kwafinsa. Masana kimiyya ba su taɓa tantance ko samfurin ya rasa tumbudi ba ko kuma kwafin ya ƙaru - wannan asiri ya taimaka wajen sake fasalin quantum na 2019.

Ma'aunin nauyi na Troy ya samo asali ne daga Troyes, Faransa, babban birnin kasuwanci na tsakiyar zamanai. Troy oza (31.1g) ya fi oza na yau da kullun (28.3g) nauyi, amma fam na troy (373g) ya fi fam na yau da kullun (454g) sauƙi saboda troy yana amfani da 12 oz/lb yayin da avoirdupois ke amfani da 16 oz/lb.

Hatsi (64.8 mg) ita ce KAWAI raka'ar da ta yi daidai a cikin tsarin troy, avoirdupois, da apothecary. An fara dogara ne akan hatsin sha'ir guda ɗaya, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ma'aunin daidaitawa na ɗan adam.

A Wata, za ku auna 1/6 na nauyin ku na Duniya (ƙarfin zai zama ƙasa), amma tumbudinku zai zama iri ɗaya. Mutum mai tumbudin kilogiram 70 yana da nauyin N 687 a Duniya amma N 114 ne kawai a Wata - duk da haka tumbudinsa har yanzu kilogiram 70 ne.

A ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2019 (Ranar Metrology ta Duniya), an sake ayyana kilogram ta amfani da madaidaicin Planck (h = 6.62607015 × 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s). Wannan yana sa kilogram ya zama mai iya maimaitawa a ko'ina a sararin samaniya, yana kawo ƙarshen dogaro da kayan tarihi na zahiri na shekaru 130.

Carat (200 mg) ya sami sunansa ne daga 'ya'yan carob, wanda tsoffin 'yan kasuwa ke amfani da su a matsayin ma'auni saboda yawan tumbudinsu. Kalmar 'carat' ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci 'keration' ('ya'yan carob).

Har yanzu ana amfani da dutse (fam 14 = 6.35 kg) don auna nauyin jiki a Birtaniya da Ireland. Ya samo asali ne daga Ingila ta tsakiyar zamanai lokacin da 'yan kasuwa ke amfani da duwatsu daidaitattu don auna kaya. 'Dutse' a zahiri dutse ne da aka ajiye don aunawa!

An tsara tsarin metric don lita 1 na ruwa = 1 kilogram (a 4°C). Wannan kyakkyawar dangantaka tana nufin cewa milliliter 1 na ruwa = 1 gram, wanda ya sa juyawa tsakanin girma da tumbudi ya zama maras muhimmanci don lissafin da ya shafi ruwa.

• Raka'ar Tumbudin Atom (u/amu)

  1/12 na tumbudin atom na carbon-12 (1.66 × 10⁻²⁷ kg). Yana da mahimmanci ga ilmin sunadarai, ilmin lissafin nukiliya, da ilmin halitta na kwayoyin halitta.
• Dalton (Da)

  Daidai da amu. Ana amfani da Kilodalton (kDa) don sunadarai: insulin shine 5.8 kDa, haemoglobin shine 64.5 kDa.
• Tumbudin Kwayoyin Halitta

  Lantarki: 9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg | Furoton: 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kg | Neutron: 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg (darajar CODATA 2018)

• Tumbudin Duniya (M⊕)

  5.972 × 10²⁴ kg - Ana amfani da shi don kwatanta exoplanets na duniya da watanni
• Tumbudin Rana (M☉)

  1.989 × 10³⁰ kg - Ma'auni don tumbudin taurari, ramukan baki, da ma'aunin galaxy

Quantum na tumbudi a cikin injiniyan quantum, wanda aka samo daga madaidaitan asali.

2.176434 × 10⁻⁸ kg ≈ microgram 21.76 - kusan tumbudin kwan ƙuma (CODATA 2018)

Shekel na Mesopotamia (hatsin sha'ir 180) ya zama na farko da aka rubuta daidaitaccen nauyi

An yi amfani da deben na Masar (91g) don karafa masu daraja da kasuwancin tagulla

An kafa talent na Littafi Mai Tsarki (34 kg) da shekel (11.4g) don haikali da kasuwanci

An daidaita mina na Girka (431g) da talent (25.8 kg) a cikin biranen-jihohi

An kirkiro libra na Roma (327g) - asalin gajartawar 'lb' da fam na zamani

An kafa Fam na Hasumiya (350g) a Ingila don buga tsabar kudi

Tsarin Avoirdupois ya bayyana don kasuwanci na gabaɗaya (fam na zamani = 454g)

An daidaita tsarin Troy don karafa masu daraja (troy oz = 31.1g)

Juyin Juya Halin Faransa ya kirkiro kilogram a matsayin tumbudin lita 1 na ruwa a 4°C

An kirkiro 'Kilogramme des Archives' (silinda na platinum) a matsayin ma'aunin zahiri na farko

Al'ummai 17 sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Mita, suna kafa tsarin metric na kasa da kasa

Samfurin Kilogram na Kasa da Kasa (IPK / Le Grand K) ya zama ma'aunin duniya

Yarjejeniyar yadi da fam na kasa da kasa: 1 lb an ayyana shi daidai da 0.45359237 kg

Birtaniya ta karɓi tsarin metric a hukumance (kodayake dutse ya ci gaba da kasancewa don nauyin jiki)

BIPM ya yanke shawarar sake ayyana kilogram ta amfani da madaidaitan asali

An sake ayyana kilogram ta amfani da madaidaicin Planck - 'Le Grand K' ya yi ritaya bayan shekaru 130

Dukkan raka'o'in SI yanzu sun dogara ne akan madaidaitan asali na yanayi - babu kayan tarihi na zahiri

• Catty/Jin (斤) - 604.79 g: Kasuwannin China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya
• Kin (斤) - 600 g: Japan, daidai da catty mai daidaita metric
• Tahil/Tael (両) - 37.8 g: Kasuwancin zinariya na Hong Kong, maganin gargajiya
• Picul/Dan (担) - 60.5 kg: Kayayyakin noma, kayan masarufi
• Viss (ပိဿ) - 1.63 kg: Kasuwannin Myanmar da kasuwanci

• Tola (तोला) - 11.66 g: Kayan ado na zinariya, maganin gargajiya, har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai
• Seer (सेर) - 1.2 kg: Kasuwannin yanki, ya bambanta da wuri
• Maund (मन) - 37.32 kg: Kayayyakin noma, kasuwancin jumla

Tola ya kasance ma'auni don kasuwancin zinariya a Indiya, Pakistan, Nepal, da Bangladesh

• Livre - 489.5 g: Fam na Faransa (kafin metric)
• Pfund - 500 g: Fam na Jamus (yanzu an daidaita shi da metric)
• Pud (пуд) - 16.38 kg: Nauyin gargajiya na Rasha
• Funt (фунт) - 409.5 g: Fam na Rasha

• Arroba (@) - 11.5 kg: Spain, Latin Amurka (giya, mai, hatsi)
• Libra - 460 g: Fam na Spain/Portugal
• Quintal - 46 kg: Kayayyakin noma na masarufi, arroba 4

• Gerah (גרה) - 0.57 g: Mafi ƙanƙantar raka'a, 1/20 shekel
• Bekah (בקע) - 5.7 g: Rabin shekel, harajin haikali
• Shekel (שקל) - 11.4 g: Tsohuwar kuɗi da ma'aunin nauyi

Shekel na wuri mai tsarki shine madaidaicin ma'aunin nauyi da hukumomin haikali ke kiyayewa don hadayun addini da adalcin kasuwanci

• Mina (μνᾶ) - 431 g: Nauyin kasuwanci da kasuwanci, drakma 100
• Talent (τάλαντον) - 25.8 kg: Manyan ma'amaloli, haraji, mina 60

Talent yana wakiltar kusan tumbudin ruwan da ake buƙata don cika amphora (lita 26)

• As - 327 mg: Tsabar tagulla, mafi ƙanƙantar nauyi mai amfani
• Uncia - 27.2 g: 1/12 libra, asalin 'oza' da 'inci'
• Libra - 327 g: Fam na Roma, asalin gajartawar 'lb'

An raba libra zuwa uncia 12, wanda ya kafa al'adar duodecimal (tushe-12) da ake gani a fam/oza da ƙafa/inci

Daidaiton girke-girke ya bambanta da yanki: Amurka tana amfani da kofuna/fam, Turai tana amfani da gram, kitchens na ƙwararru suna amfani da gram/oza don daidaito.

• Gasa: Kuskuren 1% a cikin yisti na iya lalata burodi (gram suna da mahimmanci)
• Sarrafa kashi: 4 oz (113g) na nama, 2 oz (57g) na cuku
• Gastronomy na kwayoyin halitta: Daidaiton milligram don abubuwan da ke haifar da gel

Sashi na likita yana buƙatar madaidaicin daidaito. Kuskuren milligram na iya zama m, daidaiton microgram yana ceton rayuka.

• Allunan: Aspirin 325 mg, Vitamin D 1000 IU (25 µg)
• Allurai: Ana auna insulin a cikin raka'o'i, sashi na epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg
• Yara: Sashi ta kg na nauyin jiki (misali, 10 mg/kg)

Nauyi yana ƙayyade farashin jigilar kaya, ƙarfin abin hawa, da harajin kwastam. Sau da yawa ana amfani da nauyin girma (volumetric).

• Kayan jirgin sama: Ana cajin kowace kg, ainihin nauyi yana da mahimmanci don lissafin mai
• Wasiƙa: USPS oza, Turai gram, kg na duniya
• Jirgin ruwa na kwantena: Ton na metric (1000 kg) don ƙarfin kaya

Troy oza don karafa, carats don duwatsu. Madaidaicin awo yana ƙayyade darajar dubban daloli.

• Zinariya: Ana cinikin kowace troy oza (oz t), tsarki a cikin karats (ba carats ba)
• Lu'u-lu'u: An farashi su da yawa ta hanyar nauyin carat (1 ct vs. 2 ct)
• Lu'u-lu'u: Ana auna su a cikin hatsi (50 mg) ko momme (3.75 g) a Japan

Ilimin sunadarai na nazari yana buƙatar daidaiton milligram zuwa microgram. Ana daidaita ma'auni zuwa 0.0001 g.

• Binciken sunadarai: Samfuran milligram, tsarki 99.99%
• Ilimin halitta: Samfuran DNA/furotin na microgram, hankalin nanogram
• Metrology: Ana kiyaye ma'auni na farko a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa (±0.000001 g)

Daga albarkatun ƙasa zuwa samfuran da aka gama, nauyi yana ƙayyade farashin jigilar kaya, zaɓin abin hawa, da buƙatun sarrafawa.

• Motoci: Iyakar 80,000 lb a Amurka, 40,000 kg (ton 44) a Turai
• Jirgin sama: Nauyin fasinja + kaya yana shafar lissafin mai
• Masana'antu: Nauyin abubuwan da ke cikin injiniyan tsari

Ma'aunin nauyi yana da mahimmanci don amfanin gona, kula da dabbobi, kasuwancin kayayyaki, da rarraba abinci.

• Kasuwancin amfanin gona: Nauyin bushel (alkama 60 lb, masara 56 lb, waken soya 60 lb)
• Dabbobi: Nauyin dabbobi yana ƙayyade darajar kasuwa da sashi na magani
• Taki: Yawan aikace-aikace a kg/hectare ko lb/acre

Bin diddigin nauyin jiki, ma'aunin kayan aiki, da rukunin nauyi na gasa suna buƙatar madaidaicin awo.

• Rukunin nauyi: Dambe/MMA a fam (Amurka) ko kilogram (na duniya)
• Haɗin jiki: Bin diddigin canje-canje a cikin tumbudin tsoka/mai zuwa daidaiton 0.1 kg
• Kayan aiki: Faranti na barbell da aka daidaita (20 kg/45 lb, 10 kg/25 lb)

• Sanin daidaiton ku: dafa abinci yana jure kuskuren 5%, magunguna suna buƙatar 0.1%
• Fahimci mahallin: nauyin jiki a cikin duwatsu (Birtaniya) ko fam (Amurka) vs. kg (kimiyya)
• Yi amfani da raka'a da suka dace: carats don duwatsu masu daraja, troy oz don zinariya, oz na yau da kullun don abinci
• Duba ma'auni na yanki: ton na Amurka (2000 lb) vs. ton na Birtaniya (2240 lb) vs. ton na metric (1000 kg)
• Tabbatar da sashi na magani: koyaushe duba sau biyu mg vs. µg (bambancin 1000x!)
• Yi la'akari da yawa: 1 lb na gashin tsuntsu = 1 lb na gubar a tumbudi, ba a girma ba

• Rikita troy oza (31.1g) da oza na yau da kullun (28.3g) - kuskuren 10%
• Yin amfani da ton da ba daidai ba: jigilar kaya zuwa Birtaniya da tan na Amurka (ƙarancin nauyi 10%)
• Haɗa carat (nauyin dutse 200mg) da karat (tsarkin zinariya) - daban-daban gaba ɗaya!
• Kuskuren goma: 1.5 kg ≠ 1 lb 5 oz (shine 3 lb 4.9 oz)
• Zaton fam = 500g (shine 453.59g, kuskuren 10%)
• Manta cewa dutse shine 14 lb, ba 10 lb ba (nauyin jiki na Birtaniya)

Tumbudi shine adadin kwayoyin halitta (kg); nauyi shine ƙarfin nauyi akan wannan tumbudin (newtons). Sau da yawa ma'auni suna ba da rahoton raka'o'in tumbudi ta hanyar daidaitawa don nauyin Duniya.

Oza na yau da kullun shine 28.349523125 g (1/16 lb). Troy oza da ake amfani da shi don karafa masu daraja shine 31.1034768 g. Kada a taɓa haɗa su.

A'a. Ton na Amurka (gajere) = 2000 lb (907.18474 kg). Ton na Birtaniya (dogo) = 2240 lb (1016.0469 kg). Ton na metric (tonne, t) = 1000 kg.

Carat (ct) raka'ar tumbudi ce don duwatsu masu daraja (200 mg). Karat (K) yana auna tsarkin zinariya (24K = zinariya mai tsafta).

Koyaushe tabbatar da alamar raka'a. 1 mg = 1000 µg. A fannin likitanci, wani lokaci ana rubuta microgram a matsayin mcg don rage haɗarin kuskuren karantawa.

Suna auna ƙarfi kuma suna nuna tumbudi ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyin daidaitacce (≈9.80665 m/s²). A Wata, ma'auni ɗaya zai nuna darajar daban sai an sake daidaita shi.

Al'ada da ma'auni na kasa da kasa: kasuwancin karafa masu daraja yana amfani da troy oza; duwatsu masu daraja suna amfani da carats don ingantacciyar ƙuduri.

Sau da yawa ana ambaton jigilar kaya na kasa da kasa a cikin kilogram ko ton na metric. Bincika idan dokokin nauyin girma sun shafi fakiti.