Torque shine kwatankwacin ƙarfin layi a fannin juyawa. Yana bayyana tasirin juyawar ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi a wani nisa daga cibiyar juyawa.

Ka'idar lissafi: τ = r × F, inda r shine nisa kuma F shine ƙarfin da yake a tsaye da radius.

• Tushen SI: newton-mita (N⋅m)
• Na daular: fam-ƙarfi ƙafa (lbf⋅ft)
• Hanya tana da mahimmanci: agogon hannu ko akasin agogon hannu

Torque na inji yana ƙayyade jin saurin gudu. Babban torque a ƙananan RPM yana nufin ingantaccen ƙarfin jan abu.

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na torque don abubuwan ɗaurawa suna hana matsewa da yawa (lalata zaren) ko rashin matsewa sosai (saki).

• Fitowar inji: 100-500 N⋅m yawanci
• Kwayoyin ƙafafun mota: 80-140 N⋅m
• Daidaito: ana buƙatar daidaito na ±2-5%

Dukansu suna amfani da ma'aunin N⋅m amma sun bambanta!

Torque vector ne (yana da hanya). Makamashi scalar ne (ba shi da hanya).

• Torque: ƙarfin juyawa a wani nisa
• Makamashi (joules): aikin da aka yi ta hanyar motsi a wani nisa
• Kada a yi amfani da 'joules' don ƙayyadaddun bayanai na torque!

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na inji, kwayoyin ƙafafu, da abubuwan ɗaurawa suna amfani da N⋅m ko lbf⋅ft dangane da yankin.

• Fitowar inji: 150-500 N⋅m
• Kwayoyin ƙafafu: 80-140 N⋅m
• Filogin wuta: 20-30 N⋅m

Injunan masana'antu, injinan iska, da manyan kayan aiki suna amfani da kN⋅m ko MN⋅m.

• Injunan lantarki: 1-100 kN⋅m
• Injinan iska: iyakar MN⋅m
• Masu tonon ƙasa: daruruwan kN⋅m

Ƙananan na'urori suna amfani da N⋅mm, N⋅cm, ko ozf⋅in don haɗawa mai laushi.

• Dunƙulen PCB: 0.1-0.5 N⋅m
• Wayoyin salula: 0.05-0.15 N⋅m
• Kayan aikin gani: gf⋅cm ko ozf⋅in

Dukansu suna amfani da ma'aunin N⋅m, amma torque da makamashi sun bambanta Gaba Ɗaya! Torque ƙarfin juyawa ne (vector), makamashi aiki ne da aka yi (scalar). Amfani da 'joules' don torque kamar kiran sauri 'mita' ne — a fasahance ba daidai ba!

Injunan dizal suna da torque da ya fi na injunan fetur na girma ɗaya da 50-100%! Injiniyan dizal mai lita 2.0 zai iya samar da 400 N⋅m yayin da injiniyan fetur mai lita 2.0 ke samar da 200 N⋅m. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa dizal ke jan tirela da kyau duk da ƙarancin ƙarfin doki.

Injunan lantarki suna ba da matsakaicin torque a 0 RPM! Injunan fetur suna buƙatar 2,000-4,000 RPM don matsakaicin torque. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa motocin lantarki ke jin sauri sosai daga farko — cikakken 400+ N⋅m nan take!

Injin iska mai karfin 5 MW yana samar da torque miliyan 2-5 N⋅m (MN⋅m) a kan rotor. Wannan kamar injunan motoci 2,000 ne ke juyawa tare — isasshen ƙarfi don murɗe gini!

Ƙusoshi suna miƙewa yayin da ake matse su. Matsawa da yawa da kashi 20% kawai zai iya lalata zaren har abada ko ya karya ƙusa! Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ake da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na torque — yanki ne na 'Goldilocks'.

Conrad Bahr ya ƙirƙiri maɓallin torque don hana matse bututun ruwa da yawa a NYC. Kafin wannan, masu aikin famfo suna 'jin' matsewa kawai, wanda ke haifar da yoyon fitsari da karyewa akai-akai!

Injiniyan da ke samar da 300 N⋅m a 6,000 RPM yana samar da 188 kW (252 HP). Hakanan 300 N⋅m a 3,000 RPM = 94 kW kawai! Babban RPM yana canza torque zuwa ƙarfi.

Mai tuka keke mai ƙarfi yana samar da 40-50 N⋅m a kowane bugun tafiya. Masu tseren Tour de France za su iya ci gaba da 60+ N⋅m na tsawon sa'o'i. Wannan kamar buɗe tulun alawar 4 masu taurin kai a lokaci guda ne!

Isaac Newton ya bayyana ƙarfi da motsin juyawa a cikin Principia Mathematica, yana kafa tushe ga ra'ayin torque

James Thomson (ɗan'uwan Lord Kelvin) ne ya fara amfani da kalmar 'torque' a Turanci daga kalmar Latin 'torquere' (juya)

Conrad Bahr ya ƙirƙiri maɓallin torque don hana matse bututun ruwa da yawa a birnin New York

Masana'antar kera motoci ta daidaita ƙayyadaddun bayanai na torque don haɗa injuna da abubuwan ɗaurawa

An karɓi newton-mita a hukumance a matsayin raka'ar SI don torque (yana maye gurbin kg⋅m)

Maɓallan torque na danna sun zama daidaitattu a cikin aikin injiniya na ƙwararru, suna inganta daidaito zuwa ±3%

Maɓallan torque na dijital tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin lantarki suna ba da karatu na ainihin lokaci da rikodin bayanai

Motocin lantarki suna nuna isar da matsakaicin torque nan take, suna canza yadda masu amfani ke fahimtar torque vs. ƙarfi

Mahimman abubuwa don amfanin yau da kullun

• 1 lbf⋅ft = 1.356 N⋅m
• 1 kgf⋅m = 9.807 N⋅m
• 1 N⋅m = 0.7376 lbf⋅ft

Mafi kyawun ayyuka

• Ajiye a wuri mafi ƙanƙanta don kiyaye spring
• A daidaita kowace shekara ko bayan amfani sau 5,000
• Ja hannun a hankali, kada a yi da sauri

Danganta torque da ƙarfi

• Ƙarfi (kW) = Torque (N⋅m) × RPM ÷ 9,550
• HP = Torque (lbf⋅ft) × RPM ÷ 5,252
• Ƙarin torque a ƙananan RPM = ingantaccen saurin gudu

Torque shine ƙarfin juyawa (N⋅m ko lbf⋅ft). Ƙarfi shine saurin yin aiki (watts ko HP). Ƙarfi = Torque × RPM. Babban torque a ƙananan RPM yana ba da ingantaccen saurin gudu; babban ƙarfi a babban RPM yana ba da babban saurin gudu.

A'a! Duk da cewa dukansu suna amfani da ma'aunin N⋅m, torque da makamashi sun bambanta a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Torque vector ne (yana da hanya: agogon hannu/akasin agogon hannu), makamashi scalar ne. Koyaushe yi amfani da N⋅m ko lbf⋅ft don torque.

Duba littafin motarka. Iyakar da aka saba: Ƙananan motoci 80-100 N⋅m (60-75 lbf⋅ft), Matsakaitan girma 100-120 N⋅m (75-90 lbf⋅ft), Manyan motoci/SUV 120-200 N⋅m (90-150 lbf⋅ft). Yi amfani da maɓallin torque da tsarin tauraro!

Springs suna rasa tashin hankalinsu a kan lokaci. Bayan amfani sau 5,000 ko kowace shekara, daidaito yana karkacewa daga ±3% zuwa ±10%+. Muhimman abubuwan ɗaurawa (inji, birki, ƙafafu) suna buƙatar daidaitaccen torque — a sake daidaita shi da fasaha.

A'a! Matsawa da yawa yana lalata zaren ko ya karya ƙusoshi. Rashin matsewa sosai yana haifar da saki. Bi ƙayyadaddun bayanai daidai. Torque yana da alaƙa da daidaito, ba mafi girman ƙarfi ba.

Injunan lantarki suna ba da matsakaicin torque a 0 RPM! Injunan fetur suna buƙatar 2,000-4,000 RPM don matsakaicin torque. Tesla tana da 400+ N⋅m nan take, yayin da motar fetur ke gina shi a hankali.