Mai Maida Filin Magnetic
Mai Musanya Filin Maganadisu: Tesla, Gauss, A/m, Oersted - Cikakken Jagora ga Yawan Gudun Maganadisu & Karfin Filin
Filayen maganadisu rundunoni ne da ba a gani wadanda ke kewaye da maganadisu, igiyoyin lantarki, har ma da duniyarmu gaba daya. Fahimtar raka'o'in filin maganadisu yana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyin lantarki, masana kimiyyar lissafi, masu fasahar MRI, da duk wanda ke aiki da na'urorin lantarki ko injuna. Amma ga bambanci mai muhimmanci da yawancin mutane ke kuskure: akwai ma'aunai na maganadisu guda BIYU da suka bambanta a asali—filin-B (yawan gudu) da filin-H (karfin fili)—kuma musanyawa a tsakaninsu na bukatar sanin halayen maganadisu na kayan aiki. Wannan jagora yana bayanin Tesla, Gauss, A/m, Oersted, da kuma kimiyyar lissafi da ke bayan auna filin maganadisu.
Menene Filin Maganadisu?
Filin maganadisu fili ne na vektoci wanda ke bayyana tasirin maganadisu akan caji na lantarki masu motsi, igiyoyin lantarki, da kayan aiki na maganadisu. Filayen maganadisu suna samuwa ne daga cajoji masu motsi (igiyoyin lantarki) da kuma yanayin maganadisu na asali na kananan barbashi (kamar lantarki).
Adadin Filin Maganadisu Guda Biyu
Filin-B (Yawan Gudun Maganadisu)
Yana auna ainihin karfin maganadisu da caji mai motsi ke fuskanta. Ya hada da tasirin kayan aiki. Raka'o'i: Tesla (T), Gauss (G), Weber/m².
Ka'ida: F = q(v × B)
inda: F = karfi, q = caji, v = gudu, B = yawan gudu
Filin-H (Karfin Filin Maganadisu)
Yana auna karfin jawo maganadisu da ke haifar da filin, ba tare da la'akari da kayan aiki ba. Raka'o'i: Ampere/mita (A/m), Oersted (Oe).
Ka'ida: H = B/μ₀ - M (a cikin sarari: H = B/μ₀)
inda: μ₀ = shigarwar sarari = 1.257×10⁻⁶ T·m/A, M = jawo maganadisu
A cikin sarari ko iska: B = μ₀ × H. A cikin kayan aiki na maganadisu: B = μ₀ × μᵣ × H, inda μᵣ shine shigarwa mai dangantaka (1 ga iska, har zuwa 100,000+ ga wasu kayan aiki!)
Gaskiya Mai Sauri Game da Filin Maganadisu
Filin maganadisu na Duniya yana kusan microtesla 25-65 (Gauss 0.25-0.65) a saman—ya isa ya karkatar da alluran kompas
Maganadisun firiji yana samar da kusan Tesla 0.001 (Gauss 10) a samansa
Na'urorin MRI suna amfani da Tesla 1.5 zuwa 7—har sau 140,000 fiye da karfin filin Duniya!
Filin maganadisu mafi karfi da aka taba kirkira a dakin gwaje-gwaje: Tesla 45.5 (Jami'ar Jihar Florida)
Taurarin Neutron suna da filayen maganadisu har zuwa Tesla miliyan 100—mafi karfi a sararin samaniya
Kwakwalwar dan adam tana samar da filayen maganadisu na kusan picotesla 1-10, wanda za'a iya auna shi da na'urorin MEG
Jiragen Maglev suna amfani da filayen maganadisu na Tesla 1-4 don dagawa da tura jiragen a sama da 600 km/h
Tesla 1 = Gauss 10,000 daidai (dangantaka da aka ayyana tsakanin tsarin SI da CGS)
Ka'idojin Musanyawa - Yadda Ake Musanya Raka'o'in Filin Maganadisu
Musanyawar filin maganadisu ya kasu kashi biyu: musanyawar filin-B (yawan gudu) na da sauki, yayin da musanyawar filin-B ↔ filin-H na bukatar sanin halayen kayan aiki.
Musanyawar Filin-B (Yawan Gudu) - Tesla ↔ Gauss
Raka'a ta tushe: Tesla (T) = 1 Weber/m² = 1 kg/(A·s²)
| Daga | Zuwa | Ka'ida | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| T | G | G = T × 10,000 | 0.001 T = 10 G |
| G | T | T = G ÷ 10,000 | 1 G = 0.0001 T |
| T | mT | mT = T × 1,000 | 0.001 T = 1 mT |
| T | µT | µT = T × 1,000,000 | 0.00005 T = 50 µT |
| G | mG | mG = G × 1,000 | 0.5 G = 500 mG |
Lura da sauri: Ka tuna: 1 T = 10,000 G daidai. Filin Duniya ≈ 50 µT = 0.5 G.
Abin amfani: Sikanin MRI: 1.5 T = 15,000 G. Maganadisun firiji: 0.01 T = 100 G.
Musanyawar Filin-H (Karfin Filin) - A/m ↔ Oersted
Raka'a ta tushe: Ampere a kowace mita (A/m) - raka'ar SI don karfin jawo maganadisu
| Daga | Zuwa | Ka'ida | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oe | A/m | A/m = Oe × 79.5775 | 1 Oe = 79.58 A/m |
| A/m | Oe | Oe = A/m ÷ 79.5775 | 1000 A/m = 12.57 Oe |
| kA/m | Oe | Oe = kA/m × 12.566 | 10 kA/m = 125.7 Oe |
Lura da sauri: Oersted 1 ≈ 79.58 A/m. Ana amfani da shi wajen kera na'urorin lantarki da rikodin maganadisu.
Abin amfani: Karfin tsayayyar Hard disk: 200-300 kA/m. Na'urar lantarki: 1000-10000 A/m.
Musanya Filin-B ↔ Filin-H (A SARARI KAWAI)
| Daga | Zuwa | Ka'ida | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| A/m | T | T = A/m × μ₀ = A/m × 1.257×10⁻⁶ | 1000 A/m = 0.001257 T |
| T | A/m | A/m = T ÷ μ₀ = T ÷ 1.257×10⁻⁶ | 0.001 T = 795.8 A/m |
| Oe | G | G ≈ Oe (a cikin sarari) | 1 Oe ≈ 1 G a cikin iska |
| Oe | T | T = Oe × 0.0001 | 100 Oe = 0.01 T |
Ka'idar kayan aiki: A cikin kayan aiki: B = μ₀ × μᵣ × H, inda μᵣ = shigarwa mai dangantaka
Darajar μᵣ na Kayan Aiki na gama-gari
| Kayan aiki | Darajar μᵣ |
|---|---|
| Sarari, iska | 1.0 |
| Aluminium, tagulla | ~1.0 |
| Nickel | 100-600 |
| Karfe mai laushi | 200-2,000 |
| Karfen silikon | 1,500-7,000 |
| Permalloy | 8,000-100,000 |
| Supermalloy | up to 1,000,000 |
A cikin karfe (μᵣ ≈ 2000), 1000 A/m yana haifar da Tesla 2.5, ba Tesla 0.00126 ba!
MAI MUHIMMANCI: Fahimtar Filin-B da Filin-H
Rikita B da H na iya haifar da manyan kurakurai a wajen kera na'urorin lantarki, lissafin injuna, da kuma kare maganadisu!
- Filin-B (Tesla, Gauss) shine abin da kake AUNAWA da gaussmeter ko na'urar Hall
- Filin-H (A/m, Oersted) shine abin da kake SANYAWA da igiyar lantarki ta cikin wayoyi
- A cikin iska: 1 Oe ≈ 1 G kuma 1 A/m = 1.257 µT (mai musanyawarmu yana amfani da wannan)
- A cikin karfe: irin wannan filin-H yana haifar da filin-B sau 1000 fiye da karfi saboda jawo maganadisu na kayan aiki!
- Bayanan MRI suna amfani da filin-B (Tesla) saboda shine ke shafar jiki
- Kera na'urorin lantarki na amfani da filin-H (A/m) saboda shine igiyar lantarki ke haifarwa
Fahimtar Kowane Raka'ar Filin Maganadisu
Tesla (T)(Filin-B)
Ma'ana: Raka'ar SI na yawan gudun maganadisu. 1 T = 1 Weber/m² = 1 kg/(A·s²)
Sunansa daga: Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), mai kirkira kuma injiniyan lantarki
Amfani: Na'urorin MRI, maganadisu na bincike, bayanan injuna
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Duniya: 50 µT | Maganadisun firiji: 10 mT | MRI: 1.5-7 T
Gauss (G)(Filin-B)
Ma'ana: Raka'ar CGS na yawan gudun maganadisu. 1 G = 10⁻⁴ T = 100 µT
Sunansa daga: Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), masanin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi
Amfani: Tsofaffin kayan aiki, ilimin kasa, gaussmeter na masana'antu
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Duniya: 0.5 G | Maganadisun lasifika: 1-2 G | Maganadisun Neodymium: 1000-3000 G
Ampere a kowace mita (A/m)(Filin-H)
Ma'ana: Raka'ar SI na karfin filin maganadisu. Igiyar lantarki a kowace raka'ar tsayi wanda ke haifar da filin.
Amfani: Kera na'urorin lantarki, lissafin wayoyi, gwajin kayan aiki na maganadisu
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Duniya: 40 A/m | Solenoid: 1000-10000 A/m | Maganadisun masana'antu: 100 kA/m
Oersted (Oe)(Filin-H)
Ma'ana: Raka'ar CGS na karfin filin maganadisu. 1 Oe = 79.5775 A/m
Sunansa daga: Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851), wanda ya gano ilimin lantarki
Amfani: Rikodin maganadisu, bayanan maganadisu na dindindin, madaukai na hysteresis
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Karfin tsayayyar Hard disk: 2000-4000 Oe | Maganadisu na dindindin: 500-2000 Oe
Microtesla (µT)(Filin-B)
Ma'ana: Daya daga cikin miliyan na Tesla. 1 µT = 10⁻⁶ T = 0.01 G
Amfani: Ilimin kasa, kewayawa, auna EMF, ilimin maganadisu na halittu
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Filin Duniya: 25-65 µT | Kwakwalwa (MEG): 0.00001 µT | Layukan wutar lantarki: 1-10 µT
Gamma (γ)(Filin-B)
Ma'ana: Daidai da nanotesla 1. 1 γ = 1 nT = 10⁻⁹ T. Ana amfani da shi a ilimin kasa.
Amfani: Binciken maganadisu, ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi, binciken ma'adanai
Darajoji na yau da kullun: Gano rashin daidaituwa na maganadisu: 1-100 γ | Bambancin yau da kullun: ±30 γ
Gănin Ilimin Lantarki
1820 — Hans Christian Ørsted
Ilimin Lantarki
A lokacin wani jawabi, Ørsted ya lura da allurar kompas tana karkata kusa da waya mai dauke da igiyar lantarki. Wannan shine karo na farko da aka lura da alakar lantarki da maganadisu. Ya buga bincikensa a cikin harshen Latin, kuma cikin 'yan makonni, masana kimiyya a duk fadin Turai suna maimaita gwajin.
Ya tabbatar da cewa igiyoyin lantarki suna haifar da filayen maganadisu, wanda ya kafa fannin ilimin lantarki
1831 — Michael Faraday
Shigarwar Lantarki
Faraday ya gano cewa filayen maganadisu masu canzawa suna haifar da igiyoyin lantarki. Motsa maganadisu ta cikin waya ya samar da wutar lantarki—ka'idar da ke bayan kowane janareta da na'urar lantarki a yau.
Ya ba da damar samar da wutar lantarki, na'urorin lantarki, da kuma tsarin wutar lantarki na zamani
1873 — James Clerk Maxwell
Ka'idar Lantarki da aka hade
Ka'idojin Maxwell sun hade lantarki, maganadisu, da haske zuwa ka'ida daya. Ya gabatar da ra'ayoyin filin-B da filin-H a matsayin adadi daban-daban, yana nuna cewa haske raƙuman lantarki ne.
Ya yi hasashen raƙuman lantarki, wanda ya kai ga rediyo, radar, da sadarwa mara waya
1895 — Hendrik Lorentz
Dokar karfin Lorentz
Ya bayyana karfin da ke kan caji mai motsi a cikin filayen maganadisu da lantarki: F = q(E + v × B). Wannan ka'ida tana da muhimmanci don fahimtar yadda injuna, na'urorin hanzarta barbashi, da bututun hasken katako ke aiki.
Tushen fahimtar motsin barbashi a cikin filaye, nazarin taro, da kimiyyar lissafin plasma
1908 — Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Superconductivity
Ta hanyar sanyaya mercury zuwa 4.2 K, Onnes ya gano cewa juriyarsa na lantarki ya bace gaba daya. Superconductors suna korar filayen maganadisu (tasirin Meissner), wanda ke ba da damar samun maganadisu masu karfi ba tare da asarar kuzari ba.
Ya kai ga na'urorin MRI, jiragen Maglev, da kuma maganadisu na na'urorin hanzarta barbashi da ke samar da filaye na Tesla 10+
1960 — Theodore Maiman
Laser na farko
Duk da cewa ba kai tsaye game da maganadisu ba ne, lasers sun ba da damar auna filayen maganadisu daidai ta hanyar tasirin magneto-optical kamar juyawar Faraday da tasirin Zeeman.
Ya sauya yanayin auna filin maganadisu, na'urorin raba haske, da adana bayanai na maganadisu
1971 — Raymond Damadian
Hoto na likitanci na MRI
Damadian ya gano cewa nama mai cutar kansa yana da lokutan shakatawa na maganadisu daban-daban fiye da nama mai lafiya. Wannan ya kai ga MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), wanda ke amfani da filayen Tesla 1.5-7 don ƙirƙirar cikakkun hotunan jiki ba tare da radiation ba.
Ya sauya yanayin binciken likitanci, yana ba da damar daukar hoto ba tare da tiyata ba na nama mai laushi, kwakwalwa, da gabobi
Amfani da Filayen Maganadisu a Rayuwa ta Gaske
Hoto & Maganin Likitanci
Na'urorin MRI
Karfin filin: Tesla 1.5-7
Suna ƙirƙirar cikakkun hotuna na 3D na nama mai laushi, kwakwalwa, da gabobi
MEG (Magnetoencephalography)
Karfin filin: picotesla 1-10
Yana auna aikin kwakwalwa ta hanyar gano kananan filayen maganadisu daga jijiyoyi
Zafin Maganadisu
Karfin filin: Tesla 0.01-0.1
Yana dumama kananan barbashi na maganadisu a cikin ciwuka don kashe kwayoyin cutar kansa
TMS ( motsa jiki na maganadisu na Transcranial)
Karfin filin: bugun Tesla 1-2
Yana maganin damuwa ta hanyar motsa sassan kwakwalwa da bugun maganadisu
Sufuri
Jiragen Maglev
Karfin filin: Tesla 1-4
Suna dagawa da tura jiragen a sama da 600 km/h ba tare da gogayya ba
Injinan Lantarki
Karfin filin: Tesla 0.5-2
Suna canza kuzarin lantarki zuwa motsin inji a cikin motocin lantarki, kayan aiki, da mutum-mutumi
Goyan bayan Maganadisu
Karfin filin: Tesla 0.1-1
Goyan baya ba tare da gogayya ba don injinan gudu da na'urorin tashi
Adana Bayanai & Lantarki
Hard Disk Drives
Karfin filin: karfin tsayayya na 200-300 kA/m
Suna adana bayanai a cikin yankunan maganadisu; kawunan karatu suna gano filayen 0.1-1 mT
RAM na Maganadisu (MRAM)
Karfin filin: 10-100 mT
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ba ta gogewa wacce ke amfani da mahaɗan maganadisu
Katunan Kiredit
Karfin filin: 300-400 Oe
Layukan maganadisu da aka rubuta da bayanan asusu
Labaran Karya da Kuskuren Fahimta Game da Filayen Maganadisu
Tesla da Gauss suna auna abubuwa daban-daban
Hŭkunci: KARYA
Dukansu suna auna abu guda (filin-B/yawan gudu), kawai a cikin tsarin raka'o'i daban-daban. Tesla SI ne, Gauss CGS ne. 1 T = 10,000 G daidai. Ana iya musanya su kamar mita da kafa.
Kuna iya musanya tsakanin A/m da Tesla kyauta
Hŭkunci: DA SHARADI
Gaskiya ne kawai a cikin sarari/iska! A cikin kayan aiki na maganadisu, musanyawar ta dogara ne akan shigarwar μᵣ. A cikin karfe (μᵣ~2000), 1000 A/m yana haifar da 2.5 T, ba 0.00126 T ba. Koyaushe bayyana abin da kuka dauka yayin musanya B ↔ H.
Filayen maganadisu na da haɗari ga mutane
Hŭkunci: GALIBI KARYA
Filayen maganadisu da ba sa canzawa har zuwa Tesla 7 (na'urorin MRI) ana daukar su a matsayin masu aminci. Jikinka na da haske ga filayen maganadisu da ba sa canzawa. Akwai damuwa ga filayen da ke canzawa da sauri (igiyoyin lantarki da aka haifar) ko filaye sama da Tesla 10. Filin Duniya na µT 50 ba shi da wata illa.
Karfin filin maganadisu' na nufin Tesla
Hŭkunci: BA A TABBATA BA
Mai rikitarwa! A kimiyyar lissafi, 'karfin filin maganadisu' na nufin filin-H (A/m) musamman. Amma a yaren yau da kullun, mutane suna cewa 'filin maganadisu mai karfi' suna nufin babban filin-B (Tesla). Koyaushe fayyace: filin-B ko filin-H?
Oersted da Gauss abu guda ne
Hŭkunci: KARYA (AMMA KUSA)
A cikin sarari: 1 Oe ≈ 1 G a lissafi, AMMA suna auna adadi daban-daban! Oersted yana auna filin-H (karfin jawo maganadisu), Gauss yana auna filin-B (yawan gudu). Kamar rikita karfi da kuzari ne—suna da lambobi iri daya a cikin iska, amma sun bambanta a zahiri.
Na'urorin lantarki sun fi maganadisu na dindindin karfi
Hŭkunci: YA DOGARA
Na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun: 0.1-2 T. Maganadisu na Neodymium: 1-1.4 T filin sama. Amma na'urorin lantarki na Superconducting na iya kaiwa 20+ Tesla, wanda ya wuce kowane maganadisu na dindindin. Na'urorin lantarki sun fi karfi a filaye masu tsanani; maganadisu na dindindin sun fi kyau a kankanta da rashin amfani da wutar lantarki.
Filayen maganadisu ba za su iya ratsa kayan aiki ba
Hŭkunci: KARYA
Filayen maganadisu suna ratsa yawancin kayan aiki cikin sauki! Superconductors ne kawai ke korar filayen-B gaba daya (tasirin Meissner), kuma kayan aiki masu shigarwa mai yawa (mu-metal) na iya karkatar da layukan fili. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa kare maganadisu ke da wahala—ba za ka iya kawai 'toshe' filaye kamar yadda za ka iya da filayen lantarki ba.
Yadda Ake Auna Filayen Maganadisu
Na'urar Tasirin Hall
Matsayi: 1 µT zuwa 10 T
Daidaito: ±1-5%
Auna: Filin-B (Tesla/Gauss)
Mafi yawan amfani. Karamin guntu na semiconductor wanda ke fitar da wutar lantarki daidai da filin-B. Ana amfani da shi a cikin wayoyin hannu (kompas), gaussmeters, da na'urorin gano wuri.
Amfanoni: Mai araha, karami, yana auna filaye da ba sa canzawa
Nakasoshi: Mai saurin shafar zafi, daidaito mai iyaka
Magnetometer na Fluxgate
Matsayi: 0.1 nT zuwa 1 mT
Daidaito: ±0.1 nT
Auna: Filin-B (Tesla)
Yana amfani da cikar zuciyar maganadisu don gano kananan canje-canje a cikin fili. Ana amfani da shi a ilimin kasa, kewayawa, da aiyukan sararin samaniya.
Amfanoni: Mai matukar hankali, mai kyau ga filaye marasa karfi
Nakasoshi: Ba zai iya auna filaye masu karfi ba, ya fi tsada
SQUID (Na'urar Shiga Tsakani ta Superconducting Quantum)
Matsayi: 1 fT zuwa 1 mT
Daidaito: ±0.001 nT
Auna: Filin-B (Tesla)
Magnetometer mafi hankali. Yana bukatar sanyaya da ruwan helium. Ana amfani da shi a sikanin kwakwalwa na MEG da bincike na asali na kimiyyar lissafi.
Amfanoni: Hankali mara misaltuwa (femtotesla!)
Nakasoshi: Yana bukatar sanyaya mai tsananin sanyi, mai tsada sosai
Wayar Bincike (Wayar Shigarwa)
Matsayi: 10 µT zuwa 10 T
Daidaito: ±2-10%
Auna: Canji a filin-B (dB/dt)
Wayar da ke haifar da wutar lantarki lokacin da gudu ya canza. Ba zai iya auna filaye da ba sa canzawa ba—kawai filayen AC ko masu motsi.
Amfanoni: Mai sauki, mai karfi, mai iya aiki da filaye masu karfi
Nakasoshi: Yana auna filaye masu canzawa ne kawai, ba DC ba
Wayar Rogowski
Matsayi: 1 A zuwa 1 MA
Daidaito: ±1%
Auna: Igiyar Lantarki (mai alaƙa da filin-H)
Yana auna igiyar lantarki ta AC ta hanyar gano filin maganadisu da take haifarwa. Yana zagaye mai jagora ba tare da tabawa ba.
Amfanoni: Ba mai shiga ba, fannin aiki mai fadi
Nakasoshi: AC kawai, baya auna filin kai tsaye
Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka na Musanya Filin Maganadisu
Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka
- Ka san nau'in filinka: filin-B (Tesla, Gauss) da filin-H (A/m, Oersted) sun bambanta a asali
- Kayan aiki na da muhimmanci: musanyawar B↔H na bukatar sanin shigarwa. Ka dauka sarari ne kawai idan ka tabbata!
- Yi amfani da gabatarwa daidai: mT (millitesla), µT (microtesla), nT (nanotesla) don saukin karatu
- Ka tuna Tesla 1 = Gauss 10,000 daidai (musanyawar SI da CGS)
- A cikin sarari: 1 A/m ≈ 1.257 µT (ninka da μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷)
- Don lafiyar MRI: koyaushe bayyana a cikin Tesla, ba Gauss ba (mizanin kasa da kasa)
Kuskuren da za a guje wa
- Rikita filin-B da filin-H: Tesla yana auna B, A/m yana auna H—sun bambanta gaba daya!
- Musanya A/m zuwa Tesla a cikin kayan aiki: Yana bukatar shigarwar kayan aiki, ba μ₀ kawai ba
- Amfani da Gauss don filaye masu karfi: Yi amfani da Tesla don bayani (1.5 T ya fi 15,000 G bayani)
- Zaton cewa filin Duniya Gauss 1 ne: a zahiri Gauss 0.25-0.65 ne (25-65 µT)
- Manta da alkibla: Filayen maganadisu vektoci ne masu girma DA alkibla
- Rikita Oersted da A/m ba daidai ba: 1 Oe = 79.577 A/m (ba lamba ce mai zagaye ba!)
Tambayoyi da Amsoshi
Menene bambanci tsakanin Tesla da Gauss?
Tesla (T) raka'ar SI ce, Gauss (G) raka'ar CGS ce. Tesla 1 = Gauss 10,000 daidai. An fi son Tesla don amfani a kimiyya da likitanci, yayin da Gauss har yanzu yana da yawa a cikin tsofaffin rubuce-rubuce da wasu mahallan masana'antu.
Zan iya musanya A/m zuwa Tesla kai tsaye?
A cikin sarari/iska ne kawai! A cikin sarari: B (Tesla) = μ₀ × H (A/m) inda μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ ≈ 1.257×10⁻⁶ T·m/A. A cikin kayan aiki na maganadisu kamar karfe, kuna buƙatar shigarwa mai dangantaka na kayan aiki (μᵣ), wanda zai iya zama daga 1 zuwa 100,000+. Mai musanyawarmu yana daukar sarari.
Me yasa akwai auna filin maganadisu daban-daban guda biyu?
Filin-B (yawan gudu) yana auna ainihin karfin maganadisu da aka fuskanta, gami da tasirin kayan aiki. Filin-H (karfin fili) yana auna karfin jawo maganadisu da ke haifar da filin, ba tare da la'akari da kayan aiki ba. A cikin sarari B = μ₀H, amma a cikin kayan aiki B = μ₀μᵣH inda μᵣ ya bambanta sosai.
Yaya karfin filin maganadisu na Duniya yake?
Filin Duniya ya bambanta daga microtesla 25-65 (Gauss 0.25-0.65) a saman. Yana da rauni a equator (~25 µT) kuma ya fi karfi a sandunan maganadisu (~65 µT). Wannan ya isa ya daidaita alluran kompas amma ya fi rauni sau 20,000-280,000 fiye da na'urorin MRI.
Shin Tesla 1 filin maganadisu ne mai karfi?
Ee! Tesla 1 ya fi karfin filin Duniya sau 20,000. Maganadisun firiji suna da ~0.001 T (10 G). Na'urorin MRI suna amfani da 1.5-7 T. Maganadisu na dakin gwaje-gwaje mafi karfi suna kaiwa ~45 T. Taurarin Neutron ne kawai suka wuce miliyoyin Tesla.
Menene dangantaka tsakanin Oersted da A/m?
Oersted 1 (Oe) = 1000/(4π) A/m ≈ 79.577 A/m. Oersted raka'ar CGS ce don filin-H, yayin da A/m raka'ar SI ce. Ma'aunin musanyawa ya fito ne daga ma'anar ampere da raka'o'in lantarki na CGS.
Me yasa na'urorin MRI ke amfani da Tesla, ba Gauss ba?
Ka'idojin kasa da kasa (IEC, FDA) na bukatar Tesla don hoton likitanci. Wannan yana guje wa rikicewa (1.5 T da 15,000 G) kuma ya dace da raka'o'in SI. An ayyana yankunan aminci na MRI a cikin Tesla (jagororin 0.5 mT, 3 mT).
Shin filayen maganadisu na iya zama masu haɗari?
Filaye da ba sa canzawa >1 T na iya tsoma baki da na'urorin bugun zuciya da kuma jawo abubuwa na ferromagnetic (haɗarin harbi). Filayen da ke canzawa da lokaci na iya haifar da igiyoyin lantarki (motsa jiki). Ka'idojin aminci na MRI suna sarrafa fallasa sosai. Filin Duniya da maganadisu na yau da kullun (<0.01 T) ana daukar su a matsayin masu aminci.
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